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Introduction of IgD MM
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by the malignant proliferation of plasma B cells in the bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells invade multiple organs and induce various adverse consequences, including anemia, bone pain, renal failure, and hyperviscosity. IgD MM is a subtype of myeloma with a very low incidence. Therefore, it is usually accompanied by MM-related symptoms. The half-life of IgD is about 3 days, and the proportion of total serum immunoglobulin is less than 1%. In addition, compared with other subtypes, patients with IgD myeloma have a poorer prognosis. It is worth noting that the low rate of IgD synthesis in patients with IgD MM makes diagnosis difficult.
Diagnosis of IgD MM
Currently, there is no diagnostic test available for MM with 100% accuracy, so the diagnosis of MM can be combined with different factors, such as the content of abnormal plasma B cells, the M protein in serum and urine electrophoresis, and clinical features. Recently, N-glycans are emerging as biomarkers for detecting abnormal protein glycosylation. NG1(6)A2F and NG1(3)A2F are two key N-glycan markers with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Detection of serum N-glycosylation by specific glycan determination technology confirmed the role of N-glycan biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of IgD MM.
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